Alston TA. Does metformin interfere with thiamine? (letter) Arch Int Med 2003;163:983. View abstract.
Alston TA. Does metformin interfere with thiamine?--Reply. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:983. View abstract.
Andersen LW, Holmberg MJ, Berg KM, et al. Thiamine as an adjunctive therapy in cardiac surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II trial. Crit Care. 2016 Mar 14;20:92. View abstract.
Arruti N, Bernedo N, Audicana MT, Villarreal O, Uriel O, Muñoz D. Systemic allergic dermatitis caused by thiamine after iontophoresis. Contact Dermatitis. 2013 Dec;69(6):375-6. View abstract.
Babaei-Jadidi R, Karachalias N, Ahmed N, et al. Prevention of incipient diabetic nephropathy by high-dose thiamine and benfotiamine. Diabetes. 2003;52:2110-20. View abstract.
Bager P, Hvas CL, Rud CL, Dahlerup JF. Long-term maintenance treatment with 300 mg thiamine for fatigue in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: results from an open-label extension of the TARIF study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022;57(1):37-43. View abstract.
Baron SW, Yu PC, Imrey PB, Southern WN, Deshpande A, Rothberg MB. Early treatment with thiamine and mortality among patients with alcohol use disorder who are hospitalized for pneumonia. J Hosp Med 2022;17(8):585-593. View abstract.
Bates CJ. Chapter 8: Thiamine. In: Zempleni J, Rucker RB, McCormick DB, Suttie JW, eds. Handbook of Vitamins. 4th edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2007. 253-287.
Beers MH, Berkow R. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 17th ed. West Point, PA: Merck and Co., Inc., 1999.
Berg KM, Grossestreuer AV, Andersen LW, Liu X, Donnino MW. The Effect of a Single Dose of Thiamine on Oxygen Consumption in Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Illness: A Phase II, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Crit Care Explor 2021;3(11):e0579. View abstract.
Berger MM, Shenkin A, Revelly JP, et al. Copper, selenium, zinc, and thiamine balances during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration in critically ill patients. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:410-6. View abstract.
Borgna-Pignatti, C., Marradi, P., Pinelli, L., Monetti, N., and Patrini, C. Thiamine-responsive anemia in DIDMOAD syndrome. J Pediatr 1989;114(3):405-410.View abstract.
Botez MI, Botez T, Ross-Chouinard A, Lalonde R. Thiamine and folate treatment of chronic epileptic patients: a controlled study with the Wechsler IQ scale. Epilepsy Res 1993;16:157-63.. View abstract.
Botez MI, Joyal C, Maag U, Bachevalier J. Cerebrospinal fluid and blood thiamine concentrations in phenytoin-treated epileptics. Can J Neurol Sci 1982;9:37-9.. View abstract.
Brady JA, Rock CL, Horneffer MR. Thiamin status, diuretic medications, and the management of congestive heart failure. J Am Diet Assoc 1995;95:541-4. View abstract.
Branco de Oliveira MV, Irikura S, Lourenço FHB, et al. Encephalopathy responsive to thiamine in severe COVID-19 patients. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021;14:100252. View abstract.
Briggs MH, Briggs M. Thiamine status and oral contraceptives. Contraception 1975;11:151-4. View abstract.
Brown RS, Di Stanislao PT, Beaver WT, et al. The administration of folic acid to institutionalized epileptic adults with phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991;70:565-8. View abstract.
Chang P, Liao Y, Guan J, et al. Combined treatment with hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine for sepsis and septic shock: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Chest. 2020;S0012-3692(20)30552-3. View abstract.
Chou WP, Chang YH, Lin HC, Chang YH, Chen YY, Ko CH. Thiamine for preventing dementia development among patients with alcohol use disorder: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(3):1269-1273. View abstract.
Cumming RG, Mitchell P, Smith W. Diet and cataract: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 2000;10:450-6. View abstract.
Day E, Bentham P, Callaghan R, et al. Thiamine for Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome in people at risk from alcohol abuse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(1):CD004033. View abstract.
De Reuck JL, Sieben GJ, Sieben-Praet MR, et al. Wernicke's encephalopathy in patients with tumors of the lymphoid-hemopoietic systems. Arch Neurol 1980;37:338-41.. View abstract.
Dingwall KM, Delima JF, Binks P, Batey R, Bowden SC. What is the optimum thiamine dose to treat or prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome? Results of a randomized controlled trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022;46(6):1133-1147. View abstract.
Drew HJ, Vogel RI, Molofsky W, et al. Effect of folate on phenytoin hyperplasia. J Clin Periodontol 1987;14:350-6. View abstract.
Duc HN, Oh H, Yoon IM, Kim MS. Association between levels of thiamine intake, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and depression in Korea: a national cross-sectional study. J Nutr Sci 2021;10:e31. View abstract.
Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: https://books.nap.edu/books/0309065542/html/.
Fujii T, Luethi N, Young PJ, et al; VITAMINS Trial Investigators. Effect of vitamin C, hydrocortisone, and thiamine vs hydrocortisone alone on time alive and free of vasopressor support among patients with septic shock: The VITAMINS randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2020 Jan 17. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.22176. View abstract.
Gallimberti L, Canton G, Gentile N, et al. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid for treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Lancet 1989;2:787-9. View abstract.
Ge Y, Huang S, Li Y, et al. Pregnancy thiamine and riboflavin intake and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2023;117(2):426-435. View abstract.
Ghaleiha A, Davari H, Jahangard L, et al. Adjuvant thiamine improved standard treatment inpatients with major depressive disorder: results from a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2016 Dec;266(8):695-702. View abstract.
Goldin BR, Lichtenstein AH, Gorbach SL. Nutritional and metabolic roles of intestinal flora. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Malvern, PA: Lea & Febiger, 1994.
Hamon NW, Awang DVC. Horsetail. Can Pharm J 1992:399-401.
Harel Z, Biro FM, Kottenhahn RK, Rosenthal SL. Supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the management of dysmenorrhea in adolescents. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;174:1335-8. View abstract.
Hernandez BY, McDuffie K, Wilkens LR, et al. Diet and premalignant lesions of the cervix: evidence of a protective role for folate, riboflavin, thiamin, and vitamin B12. Cancer Causes Control 2003;14:859-70. View abstract.
Hilker DM, Somogyi JC. Antithiamins of plant origin: their chemical nature and mode of action. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1982;378:137-44. View abstract.
Hosseinlou A, Alinejad V, Alinejad M, Aghakhani N. The effects of fish oil capsules and vitamin B1 tablets on duration and severity of dysmenorrhea in students of high school in Urmia-Iran. Glob J Health Sci 2014;6(7 Spec No):124-9. View abstract.
Hwang SY, Ryoo SM, Park JE, et al. Combination therapy of vitamin C and thiamine for septic shock: a multi-centre, double-blinded randomized, controlled study. Intensive Care Med. 2020:1-11. View abstract.
Iglesias J, Vassallo AV, Patel VV, Sullivan JB, Cavanaugh J, Elbaga Y. Outcomes of metabolic resuscitation using ascorbic acid, thiamine, and glucocorticoids in the early treatment of sepsis: The ORANGES Trial. Chest. 2020;158(1):164-173. View abstract.
Ives AR, Paskewitz SM. Testing vitamin B as a home remedy against mosquitoes. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2005;21:213-7. View abstract.
Jacques PF, Taylor A, Moeller S, et al. Long-term nutrient intake and 5-year change in nuclear lens opacities. Arch Ophthalmol 2005;123:517-26. View abstract.
Jain A, Mehta R, Al-Ani M, Hill JA, Winchester DE. Determining the role of thiamine deficiency in systolic heart failure: a meta-analysis and systematic review. J Card Fail. 2015 Dec;21(12):1000-7. View abstract.
Kanchanasurakit S, Suthumpoung P, Santimaleeworagun W, et al. Effectiveness of thiamine therapy in mortality rate in patients with septic shock: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2021;11(2):86-94. View abstract.
Kato T, Mizuno T, Nakanishi M, et al. Efficacy of Ascorbic Acid, Thiamine, and Hydrocortisone Combination Therapy: Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. In Vivo 2023;37(3):1236-1245. View abstract.
Koike H, Iijima M, Sugiura M, et al. Alcoholic neuropathy is clinicopathologically distinct from thiamine-deficiency neuropathy. Ann Neurol 2003;54:19-29. View abstract.
Kremer D, Post A, Seidel U, et al. Boron Intake and decreased risk of mortality in kidney transplant recipients. Eur J Nutr 2022;61(2):973-84. View abstract.
Kuroki F, Iida M, Tominaga M, et al. Multiple vitamin status in Crohn's disease. Correlation with disease activity. Dig Dis Sci 1993;38:1614-8. View abstract.
Leslie D, Gheorghiade M. Is there a role for thiamine supplementation in the management of heart failure? Am Heart J 1996;131:1248-50. View abstract.
Levy WC, Soine LA, Huth MM, Fishbein DP. Thiamine deficiency in congestive heart failure (letter). Am J Med 1992;93:705-6. View abstract.
Lewis CM, King JC. Effect of oral contraceptive agents on thiamin, riboflavin, and pantothenic acid status in young women. Am J Clin Nutr 1980;33:832-8.. View abstract.
Li D, Guo Y, Xia M, Zhang J, Zang W. Dietary intake of thiamine and riboflavin in relation to severe headache or migraine: A cross-sectional survey. Headache 2022;62(9):1133-1142. View abstract.
Li X, Luan H, Zhang H, et al. Associations between early thiamine administration and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. Br J Nutr 2021;1-9. View abstract.
Liu C, Meng Q, Zu C, et al. U-shaped association between dietary thiamine intake and new-onset diabetes: a nationwide cohort study. QJM 2022;115(12):822-829. View abstract.
Lomivorotov VV, Moroz G, Ismoilov S, et al. Sustained High-dose Thiamine Supplementation in High-risk Cardiac Patients Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Pilot Feasibility Study (The APPLY trial). J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2020;34(3):594-600. View abstract.
Lu R, Fang Y, Zhou Y, et al. A pilot study of thiamin and folic acid in hemodialysis patients with cognitive impairment. Ren Fail 2021;43(1):766-773. View abstract.
Lubetsky A, Winaver J, Seligmann H, et al. Urinary thiamine excretion in the rat: effects of furosemide, other diuretics, and volume load. J Lab Clin Med 1999;134:232-7.. View abstract.
Lyu QQ, Zheng RQ, Chen QH, Yu JQ, Shao J, Gu XH. Early administration of hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine in adult patients with septic shock: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Crit Care 2022;26(1):295. View abstract.
Marik PE, Khangoora V, Rivera R, Hooper MH, Catravas J. Hydrocortisone, Vitamin C, and Thiamine for the Treatment of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Retrospective Before-After Study. Chest. 2017 Jun;151(6):1229-1238. View abstract.
Measelle JR, Baldwin DA, Gallant J, et al. Thiamine supplementation holds neurocognitive benefits for breastfed infants during the first year of life. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021;1498(1):116-132. View abstract.
Merli M, Berzigotti A, Zelber-Sagi S, et al. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on nutrition in chronic liver disease. Hepatol. 2019;70(1):172-193. View abstract.
Moskowitz A, Andersen LW, Cocchi MN, Karlsson M, Patel PV, Donnino MW. Thiamine as a renal protective agent in septic shock. A secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017 May; 14(5):737-71. View abstract.
Moskowitz A, Huang DT, Hou PC, et al. Effect of ascorbic acid, corticosteroids, and thiamine on organ injury in septic shock: the ACTS randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020;324(7):642-650. View abstract.
Moslemi R, Khalili H, Mohammadi M, Mehrabi Z, Mohebbi N. Thiamine for Prevention of Postoperative Delirium in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Res Pharm Pract. 2020;9(1):30-35. View abstract.
Muley A, Fernandez R, Green H, Muley P. Effect of thiamine supplementation on glycaemic outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022;12(8):e059834. View abstract.
Nakamura ZM, Deal AM, Park EM, et al. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of intravenous thiamine for prevention of delirium following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Psychosom Res 2021;146:110503. View abstract.
Ogunmekan AO, Hwang PA. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of D-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E), as add-on therapy, for epilepsy in children. Epilepsia 1989;30:84-9. View abstract.
Park JE, Shin TG, Jo IJ, et al. Impact of Vitamin C and Thiamine Administration on Delirium-Free Days in Patients with Septic Shock. J Clin Med. 2020;9(1):193. View abstract.
Patrini C, Perucca E, Reggiani C, Rindi G. Effects of phenytoin on the in vivo kinetics of thiamine and its phosphoesters in rat nervous tissues. Brain Res 1993;628:179-86.. View abstract.
Petsakul S, Morakul S, Tangsujaritvijit V, Kunawut P, Singhatas P, Sanguanwit P. Effects of thiamine on vasopressor requirements in patients with septic shock: a prospective randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2020;20(1):280. View abstract.
Pfitzenmeyer P, Guilland JC, d'Athis P, et al. Thiamine status of elderly patients with cardiac failure including the effects of supplementattion. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1994;64:113-8. View abstract.
Pradita-Ukrit S, Vattanavanit V. Efficacy of Thiamine in the Treatment of Postcardiac Arrest Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study. Crit Care Res Pract. 2020;2020:2981079. View abstract.
Qian X, Zhang Z, Li F, Wu L. Intravenous thiamine for septic shock: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Emerg Med. 2020 Dec;38(12):2718-2722. View abstract.
Rabbani N, Alam SS, Riaz S, et al. High-dose thiamine therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study. Diabetologia 2009;52:208-12. View abstract.
Ren X, Chou Y, Jiang X, et al. Effects of Oral Vitamin B1 and Mecobalamin on Dry Eye Disease. J Ophthalmol. 2020;2020:9539674. View abstract.
Saif MW. Is there a role for thiamine in the management of congestive heart failure? (letter) South Med J 2003;96:114-5. View abstract.
Schoenenberger AW, Schoenenberger -Berzins R, der Maur CA, et al. Thiamine supplementation in symptomatic chronic heart failure: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study. Clin Res Cardiol. 2012 Mar;101(3):159-64. View abstract.
Sedhai YR, Shrestha DB, Budhathoki P, et al. Effect of thiamine supplementation in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crit Care 2021;65:104-115. View abstract.
Seligmann H, Halkin H, Rauchfleisch S, et al. Thiamine deficiency in patients with congestive heart failure receiving long-term furosemide therapy: a pilot study. Am J Med 1991;91:151-5. View abstract.
Shimon I, Almog S, Vered Z, et al. Improved left ventricular function after thiamine supplementation in patients with congestive heart failure receiving long-term furosemide therapy. Am J Med 1995;98:485-90. View abstract.
Shokri-Mashhadi N, Aliyari A, Hajhashemy Z, Saadat S, Rouhani MH. Is it time to reconsider the administration of thiamine alone or in combination with vitamin C in critically ill patients? A meta-analysis of clinical trial studies. J Intensive Care 2022;10(1):8. View abstract.
Smidt LJ, Cremin FM, Grivetti LE, Clifford AJ. Influence of folate status and polyphenol intake on thiamin status in Irish women. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:1077-92.. View abstract.
Smithline HA, Donnino M, Blank FSJ, et al. Supplemental thiamine for the treatment of acute heart failure syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019;19(1):96. View abstract.
Somogyi JC, Nageli U. Antithiamine effect of coffee. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1976;46:149-53.
Syed ARS, Syed AA, Akram A, et al. Does thiamine supplementation affect heart failure? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Heart Lung 2023;61:37-45. View abstract.
Tanphaichitr V. Thiamin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, Eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.381-9.
Thiamine hydrochloride injection package insert. Lake Zurich, IL: Fresenius Kabi, LLC; September 2019.
Thorp VJ. Effect of oral contraceptive agents on vitamin and mineral requirements. J Am Diet Assoc 1980;76:581-4.. View abstract.
Ulusakarya A, Vantelon JM, Munck JN, et al. Thiamine deficiency in a patient receiving chemotherapy for acute myeloblastic leukemia (letter). Am J Hematol 1999;61:155-6. View abstract.
Vimokesant S, Kunjara S, Rungruangsak K, et al. Beriberi caused by antithiamin factors in food and its prevention. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1982;378:123-36. View abstract.
Vimokesant S, Nakornchai S, Rungruangsak K, et al. Food habits causing thiamine deficiency in humans. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 1976;22:1-2. View abstract.
Vir SC, Love AH. Effect of oral contraceptive agents on thiamin status. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:291-5.
Vora B, Wen A, Yee SW, et al. The Effect of Trimethoprim on Thiamine Absorption: A Transporter-Mediated Drug-Nutrient Interaction. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023;114(2):381-392. View abstract.
Wald EL, Sanchez-Pinto LN, Smith CM, et al. Hydrocortisone-Ascorbic Acid-Thiamine Use Associated with Lower Mortality in Pediatric Septic Shock. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(7):863-867. View abstract.
Waldenlind L. Studies on thiamine and neuromuscular transmission. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 1978;459:1-35. View abstract.
Wilkinson TJ, Hanger HC, Elmslie J, et al. The response to treatment of subclinical thiamine deficiency in the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:925-8. View abstract.
Williams Roberson S, Nwosu S, Collar EM, et al. Association of Vitamin C, Thiamine, and Hydrocortisone Infusion With Long-term Cognitive, Psychological, and Functional Outcomes in Sepsis Survivors: A Secondary Analysis of the Vitamin C, Thiamine, and Steroids in Sepsis Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2023;6(2):e230380. View abstract.
Wong EKC, Lee JY, Chow J, et al. High-Dose Thiamine Supplementation in Older Patients With Heart Failure: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial (THIAMINE-HF). CJC Open 2022;4(6):532-539. View abstract.
Barbeau, A. Emerging treatments: replacement therapy with choline or lecithin in neurological diseases. Can.J.Neurol.Sci. 1978;5(1):157-160. View abstract.
Barbeau, A. Lecithin in neurologic disorders. N.Engl.J Med 7-27-1978;299(4):200-201. View abstract.
Sidhu N, Davies S, Nadarajah A, et al. Oral choline supplementation for postoperative pain. Br J Anaesth 2013;111(2):249-55. View abstract .
Simons LA, Hickie JB, Ruys J. Treatment of hypercholesterolaemia with oral lecithin. Aust N Z J Med 1977;7:262-6. View abstract.
Sourkes TL. The discovery of lecithin, the first phospholipid. Bull Hist Chem. 2004;29(1):9-15.
Spilburg CA, Goldberg AC, McGill JB, et al. Fat-free foods supplemented with soy stanol-lecithin powder reduce cholesterol absorption and LDL cholesterol. J Am Diet Assoc 2003;103:577-81. View abstract.
Tweedy JR and Garcia CA. Lecithin treatment of cognitively impaired Parkinson's patients. Eur J Clin Invest 1982;12:87-90. View abstract.
Volavka J, O'Donnell J, Muragali R,et al. Lithium and lecithin in tardive dyskinesia: an update. Psychiatry Res 1986;19:101-4. View abstract.
Wade A, Weller PJ, eds. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: Am Pharmaceutical Assn, 1994.
Wu Y, Wang T. Soybean lecithin fractionation and functionality. JAOCS 2003;80(4):319-326.
Select a condition to view a list of vitamins
You Might Also Like
CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you.
This copyrighted material is licensed from Therapeutic Research Center, LLC. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version.
Licensed from Therapeutic Research Center, LLC
Copyright © 1995-2024 by Therapeutic Research Center, LLC. All Rights Reserved.